Pengaruh Model Problem Based LearningTerhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis dan Kemampuan Kolaboratif Siswa SD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65634/j-ppe.v1i2.29Keywords:
ilmu pengetahuan sosial, berpikir kritis, Problem Based LearningAbstract
The development of 21st-century education demands learning models that not only focus on conceptual mastery but also foster critical thinking and collaboration skills. In this context, Social Studies (IPS) learning at the elementary level requires approaches that encourage students to analyze real-world problems and engage in reflective discussions. This study aims to examine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on the critical thinking and collaboration skills of elementary school students in Social Studies learning. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this study analyzed national and international research articles published between 2020 and 2025. The review results reveal that PBL consistently has a positive impact on enhancing students’ critical thinking abilities, particularly in analyzing, evaluating, and drawing conclusions based on evidence. Furthermore, PBL effectively promotes collaboration skills through group discussions, cooperative problem-solving, and shared reflection. However, challenges remain in implementing PBL, particularly regarding the design of authentic problems and time management during learning. In conclusion, PBL is proven to be a relevant and effective model for strengthening 21st-century competencies and the values of the Pancasila Student Profile, making it an appropriate and sustainable approach for creating active, reflective, and meaningful Social Studies learning in elementary schools.
Perkembangan pendidikan abad ke-21 menuntut model pembelajaran yang tidak hanya berfokus pada penguasaan konsep, tetapi juga mendorong pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan kolaborasi. Dalam konteks ini, pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (IPS) di tingkat sekolah dasar memerlukan pendekatan yang mendorong siswa untuk menganalisis permasalahan nyata dan terlibat dalam diskusi reflektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh model Problem-Based Learning (PBL) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis dan keterampilan kolaborasi siswa sekolah dasar dalam pembelajaran IPS. Dengan menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR), penelitian ini menganalisis artikel penelitian nasional dan internasional yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2025. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa PBL secara konsisten memberikan dampak positif terhadap peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, terutama dalam kemampuan menganalisis, mengevaluasi, dan menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan bukti. Selain itu, PBL juga terbukti efektif dalam mengembangkan keterampilan kolaborasi melalui kegiatan diskusi kelompok, pemecahan masalah secara kooperatif, dan refleksi bersama. Namun, penerapan PBL masih menghadapi tantangan, khususnya dalam perancangan masalah autentik dan pengelolaan waktu pembelajaran. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa PBL merupakan model pembelajaran yang relevan dan efektif untuk memperkuat kompetensi abad ke-21 serta nilai-nilai Profil Pelajar Pancasila, sehingga layak diterapkan secara berkelanjutan untuk mewujudkan pembelajaran IPS yang aktif, reflektif, dan bermakna di sekolah dasar.
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