Tren dan Inovasi Pembelajaran STEM dalam Mata Pelajaran IPAS di Sekolah Dasar: Analisis Literatur

Abstract

This study conducts a systematic literature analysis on trends and innovations in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) learning within the IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) subject in elementary schools. By reviewing 15 selected peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2022 and 2025, this research aims to identify key trends and innovations in the context of elementary education. The identified trends include the integration of digital technology, project-based learning approaches, and the development of 21st-century skills such as creativity, collaboration, and problem-solving. Innovations discovered encompass the use of augmented reality (AR) for science experiment simulations, gamification to enhance student motivation, and interdisciplinary collaboration between STEM and arts or other social aspects. The analysis results indicate that implementing STEM learning in IPAS can significantly boost student motivation, understanding of science and mathematics concepts, and active engagement in learning, with an average increase of 25-35% in indicators such as knowledge retention and class participation. However, this study also reveals major challenges, including limited teacher readiness, digital access gaps in rural areas (particularly in Indonesia), and the costs of implementing innovations like AR and gamification. Further discussion emphasizes the need for infrastructure investment, ongoing teacher training, and local curriculum adaptation to overcome these barriers. This research contributes to the development of more effective, inclusive, and future-oriented elementary curricula, and provides recommendations for educators and policymakers to promote STEM integration in IPAS as part of global education reform